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(2017) From methodology to methods in human psychology, Dordrecht, Springer.
Extrospection is introspection turned outward—from the experiencer (ordinary observer or scientist). Its process is thus similar to that of introspection—it is constructive of the knowledge of the object of extrospection. In the human world of experiencing, the results of the extrospection become introspectively consolidated. A questionnaire is an extension of the interview that excludes the direct presence of the researcher from the process of responding. Independent of its administration (on paper, individually or in a group, on computer screen, via Facebook, etc.) or format (open answers, Likert scales, sentence completion tasks, yes/no answers, etc.), it involves the immediate nonavailability of the researcher. The chapter includes the focus on two inductions (C. L. Morgan). The three-step interviewing tactic, double-blank sentence completion tests are outlined. A special analysis of the qualitative structure of Solomon Asch's conformity experiment is included. The contrast between various methods that is basic is that between stability-oriented and process-oriented kinds. The methods described in this chapter were all process oriented in their nature. This follows the general assumption of the open-systemic nature of all psychological phenomena where even stability is dynamic (steady state).
Publication details
DOI: 10.1007/978-3-319-61064-1_7
Full citation:
Valsiner, J. (2017). Methods of extrospection: interview, questionnaire, experiment, in From methodology to methods in human psychology, Dordrecht, Springer, pp. 65-79.
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